2026-11-02 12:11 · CNBC · en
In a monumental financial move aimed at capturing a larger share of the booming artificial intelligence infrastructure market, Marvell has agreed to acquire Lumentum in a massive deal valued at $115 billion. The strategic acquisition represents a significant bet on the future of AI data centers, as tech companies continuously race to upgrade hardware, optical components, and networking capabilities to support increasingly complex machine learning workloads. By combining resources with Lumentum, Marvell seeks to solidify its competitive positioning within the high-performance computing and data communication sectors. Industry analysts are closely monitoring the transaction, noting that it highlights the aggressive consolidation and heavy capital investments currently driving the semiconductor and optical networking industries forward in the era of generative artificial intelligence.
2026-11-02 12:09 · 东方财富 · zh-TW
In a concerted effort to stabilize the domestic capital market, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has announced a series of proactive measures aimed at increasing the coverage of special re-lending facilities for stock buybacks and shareholding increases. The regulator is urging listed companies that have already disclosed their buyback plans to accelerate the implementation process, ensuring that the promised capital enters the market without unnecessary delays.
2026-11-02 12:09 · NBC Sports · en
The Cincinnati Bengals secured a hard-fought, dramatic overtime victory against the Tennessee Titans this past week, a win that quarterback Joe Burrow believes marks a turning point for the team. Reflecting on the game, Burrow highlighted the squad’s newfound ability to close out tight contests, a trait he admitted had been lacking in recent seasons. ‘We found a way to win, we didn’t do that the last few years,’ Burrow remarked after the game, signaling a shift in the team’s competitive culture.
2026-11-02 12:08 · 中华网 · zh-TW
Renowned Chinese musician Wang Feng recently captured public attention by sharing a heartwarming family photograph featuring all four of his children. The rare snapshot offered fans a glimpse into his personal life and sparked widespread discussion across major social media platforms regarding family warmth and parenting.
2026-11-02 12:07 · DW.com · zh-TW
美国中期选举已进入最后的激烈冲刺阶段，这场选举的走向不仅牵动着国会权力的重新分配，也引发了全球市场的密切关注。此次选举的核心在于国会参众两院的控制权之争，民调显示民主党虽具备一定胜算，但其准确性在复杂选情下备受挑战。分析人士认为，选情的复杂性远超民调数据，地方博弈的细微变化可能直接改变选举格局。市场方面，最大的悬念在于共和党是否会出人意料地守住参议院，或者民主党能否锁定超过53个席位。此外，地方性议题在本次选战中占有显著地位，甚至牵动了人工智能算力布局等未来科技产业的命运。随着投票日的临近，选民关注点涵盖了经济、社会政策及未来政府的制衡作用。专家提醒，投资者需审慎对待选举结果，因为国会两党力量的微小变动都将对后续的政策制定与市场预期产生长远影响。Sources: DW.com
2026-11-02 12:04 · 新华网 · zh-TW
The grand awarding ceremony for the 2026 World Internet Conference Leading Science and Technology Awards was successfully held in the historic water town of Wuzhen, Zhejiang Province, drawing global attention to cutting-edge digital innovations. Among the prestigious honorees, the project titled ‘Optical Transmission Technology and Application for Space Quantum Information’ stood out, capturing a top award for its groundbreaking contributions to advanced communications. This year’s Wuzhen Summit has transformed the scenic locale into a bustling hub of technological brilliance, featuring a massive exhibition where over one thousand new products, groundbreaking technologies, and artificial intelligence models are showcased. Often described as a grand martial arts tournament for AI, the event has attracted top-tier innovators, tech enterprises, and researchers from around the globe to discuss the future digital landscape. Local initiatives and the burgeoning cluster of innovative enterprises, frequently dubbed the ‘Wuzhen Seven,’ further underscore how the ancient town has successfully evolved into a modern crucible for digital economy R&D and technological entrepreneurship. As the week-long summit continues with forums, public预约 platforms, and high-level dialogues, Wuzhen remains at the absolute forefront of global internet development, shaping the trajectory of artificial intelligence and cyberspace governance for years to come.
2026-11-02 12:03 · Fox News · en
The NFL coaching landscape remains volatile as teams grapple with disappointing performances. Following a demoralizing loss to the Arizona Cardinals, Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones provided a vote of confidence for his coaching staff, explicitly stating that no firing would occur. Jones defended offensive coordinator Brian Schottenheimer, suggesting that the players let the coach down rather than the other way around. Quarterback Dak Prescott echoed this sentiment, labeling any attempt to pin the blame solely on the coaching staff as ‘cowardice,’ emphasizing that the responsibility for the loss lies with the entire team.
2026-11-02 12:03 · ThePaper.cn · zh-TW
In a significant move to further incentivize corporate participation in the stock market, three major Chinese financial departments have announced a reduction in the interest rate for stock buyback and shareholding increase re-loans. The rate has been lowered from 1.25% to 1.0%, marking a deliberate effort to reduce the cost of capital for listed companies looking to boost their share prices.
2026-11-02 12:02 · 新华网 · zh-TW
A mobilization meeting for the central delegation tasked with studying and implementing the spirit of the sixth plenary session was recently convened in Beijing. High-ranking officials emphasized the vital importance of deeply understanding and propagating the guiding principles set forth during the important political gathering, ensuring that party members nationwide align their thoughts and actions with overarching national strategies.
2026-11-02 12:02 · 凤凰网 · zh-TW
近日，武汉市发生了一起引发广泛社会关注的网约车被困事件。据报道，在万圣节狂欢活动期间，一辆网约车在途经步行街附近时，被大量聚集的人群围困长达4小时。在此期间，车辆不仅被限制移动，车身还被过往行人堆满了垃圾与杂物，造成了不小的恐慌与财产损失。该事件在互联网上迅速发酵，引发了公众对公共秩序以及“万圣夜打砸车辆”行为的强烈谴责与讨论。
2026-11-02 12:01 · 华尔街见闻 · zh-TW
In a significant move to bolster market stability and investor confidence, three major Chinese financial regulators, led by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), have announced a strategic optimization of capital market support tools. The most notable adjustment is the reduction of the interest rate for re-lending facilities dedicated to share repurchases and increased holdings, which has been lowered from 1.25% to 1%. This policy shift is part of a broader effort to provide affordable liquidity to listed companies and major shareholders, encouraging them to stabilize stock prices through active market participation.
2026-11-02 12:01 · BBC · en
British adventurer Karl Bushby is on the verge of completing an extraordinary and grueling 28-year global walking expedition, a monumental physical journey that stretches all the way from South America to his hometown in the United Kingdom. Commencing his epic undertaking in Chile decades ago, Bushby has traversed vast continents, extreme weather conditions, and countless international borders entirely on foot, adhering to a strict rule of continuous footsteps without taking mechanized transport shortcuts across oceans or landmasses. Throughout nearly three decades of travel, the adventurer has faced immense logistical challenges, geopolitical hurdles, and physical endurance tests that would have deterred most individuals. As he approaches the final stretch of his unprecedented global odyssey toward Hull, his journey stands as one of the most remarkable feats of human endurance and determination in modern exploration history, capturing the imagination of global audiences and inspiring followers worldwide who have monitored his incredible transnational progress over the years. Sources: BBC
2026-11-02 12:00 · NBC News · en
The American political landscape is experiencing renewed volatility as the Michigan Senate race takes a dramatic new twist on the eve of the election. At the center of the political debate are contentious economic policies, including trade tariffs and automotive industry regulations involving Canada, which have sharply divided voters and put the spotlight back on internal Democratic party dynamics. Candidates are making their final pushes, addressing voter concerns over manufacturing jobs, economic resilience, and shifting national trade strategies.
2026-11-02 12:00 · Ars Technica · en
A newly released $48 e-paper display device is capturing the attention of tech enthusiasts and DIY hobbyists alike for its remarkable versatility and customization potential. Priced affordably, the electronic paper screen allows users to configure and display virtually any information they desire, ranging from personalized dashboard stats and art pieces to daily reminders and weather updates. Leveraging the low-power consumption benefits characteristic of e-paper technology, the gadget offers a crisp, readable visual experience similar to traditional ink on paper while remaining energy-efficient. Reviewers and makers have praised its accessibility, noting that it opens up a wide array of creative possibilities for custom smart-home interfaces and portable informational displays without requiring a substantial financial investment.
2026-11-02 12:00 · The Sun · en
The anticipation for the 2026 season of ‘I’m A Celebrity… Get Me Out Of Here’ has reached a fever pitch as reports regarding the full contestant line-up have begun to circulate. The upcoming series promises a diverse mix of personalities, ranging from beloved soap opera icons to international fashion figures and high-profile sports stars. Among the names frequently mentioned in the leaks are a prominent ‘Coronation Street’ star, a Victoria’s Secret model, and the legendary footballer Wayne Rooney, all of whom are reportedly preparing to face the challenges of the Australian jungle.
2026-11-02 12:00 · The Telegraph · en
The global technological landscape is experiencing a seismic shift as international observers and industry leaders evaluate China’s rapid advancements in artificial intelligence. Recent reports and expert commentary suggest that China is actively challenging the foundational drivers of the American economic boom, particularly in the critical sector of artificial intelligence.
2026-11-02 12:00 · WIRED · en
The integration of artificial intelligence into search engines has fundamentally changed how we interact with the internet. While AI-powered search tools offer the promise of synthesized answers and time-saving summaries, experts argue that users must exercise caution regarding when these tools are appropriate. Understanding the strengths and limitations of AI is essential for maintaining information accuracy in an era of rapid technological adoption.
2026-11-02 11:59 · Reuters · en
Uganda has officially commenced the withdrawal of its peacekeeping troops from Somalia, marking the end of a significant two-decade military presence in the Horn of Africa. The Ugandan military, which was a cornerstone of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS), played a pivotal role in repelling al-Shabab militants and stabilizing the region. This withdrawal signifies a major transition in the security landscape of Somalia as the country moves toward taking greater responsibility for its own national defense.
2026-11-02 11:59 · 光明网 · zh-TW
The 2026 World Internet Conference in Wuzhen has concluded with the announcement of its prestigious Leading Technology Awards, recognizing innovations that are shaping the future of the digital landscape. Among the top honors, Intel’s 3rd Generation Core Ultra processor, built on the cutting-edge 18A process technology, was distinguished as a landmark achievement in semiconductor engineering. This recognition highlights the company’s commitment to advancing computing power while improving energy efficiency, a critical requirement for the next generation of AI-integrated devices.
2026-11-02 11:58 · FOX 4 News Dallas-Fort Worth · en
Melissa Rycroft-Strickland, a former Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader and well-known television personality recognized for her appearances on ‘The Bachelor’ and ‘Dancing with the Stars,’ was recently arrested on suspicion of driving while intoxicated (DWI). The arrest followed a hit-and-run incident involving an ambulance in Southlake, Texas. Local law enforcement officials confirmed that the collision resulted in property damage, though no major injuries were reported at the scene.
2026-11-02 11:56 · BBC · en
A coordinated wave of suspected cyber-attacks has targeted supermarket refrigeration systems across several European nations, including Belgium, Sweden, and Luxembourg. The incidents, which have caused widespread disruption, have resulted in the spoilage of significant quantities of food. Retailers are currently scrambling to assess the damage and secure their infrastructure against further digital intrusions.
2026-11-02 11:55 · Hacker News · en
The timeless adage ‘Never Complain, Never Explain’ represents a classic political and personal communication philosophy focused on stoicism, restraint, and strategic silence. Historically attributed to prominent historical figures and diplomatic circles, this maxim advises individuals—particularly those in public office or positions of authority—to resist the urge to publicly voice grievances or offer lengthy justifications for their actions, even when facing severe criticism.
2026-11-02 11:55 · 新华网客户端 · zh-TW
The political landscape in Belgium has entered a period of uncertainty after Prime Minister De Wever formally submitted his resignation to the monarch. This decision follows the total breakdown of critical negotiations regarding the national budget, which left the government unable to reach a consensus on fiscal policy.
2026-11-02 11:54 · IT之家 · zh-TW
The inaugural CMG World Robot Mount Tai Climbing Competition has officially concluded, showcasing remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence, mechanical engineering, and autonomous locomotion. Among the fierce competition of robotic systems tackling the challenging terrain of the famous Chinese mountain, Unitree Robotics emerged as one of the standout performers, securing an impressive medal haul of one gold and two silver medals.
2026-11-02 11:53 · 金十数据 · zh-TW
Recent reports from prominent media figures have ignited intense speculation regarding the Trump administration’s potential shift in policy toward Iran, with some sources suggesting that a decision on the use of nuclear options could be imminent. While official channels have remained cautious, the rhetoric surrounding the situation has intensified, with various stakeholders expressing concern over the potential for a major escalation in the Middle East.
2026-11-02 11:53 · Yahoo Finance UK · en
Millions of homeowners across the United Kingdom are bracing for a significant increase in mortgage costs as interest rates are expected to rise in the coming year. Financial analysts and banking institutions are warning that the era of historically low borrowing costs is coming to an end, leaving many households facing the prospect of higher monthly repayments when they come to remortgage their properties.
2026-11-02 11:53 · The New York Times · en
A tragic aviation accident in Florida has claimed the lives of nine individuals after a Learjet nosedived into a road near a mobile home park in Greenacres. The incident, which left a massive crater and scattered debris across the site, has prompted a large-scale investigation by federal authorities to determine the cause of the ‘cataclysmic’ crash. Among those identified in the aftermath was 20-year-old pilot Nathalia Filgueiras, whose involvement has added a personal layer of grief to the ongoing national tragedy.
2026-11-02 11:52 · Financial Times · en
Tensions in the Middle East have reached a critical juncture as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reportedly presses U.S. President-elect Donald Trump for a more aggressive stance against Iran, including the possibility of renewed military strikes. The diplomatic push comes at a time of heightened regional instability, with fears mounting that a full-scale conflict could reignite following the conclusion of recent political cycles. Reports indicate that the two leaders have engaged in discussions regarding Iran’s nuclear ambitions and its regional influence, though the specifics of their dialogue remain subject to intense speculation.
2026-11-02 11:51 · Sky News · en
Government ministers are preparing to hold urgent discussions with the leadership of Poundland as the retailer faces the threat of collapse. The situation has drawn significant attention, with officials seeking to address the potential fallout for the business and its workforce.
2026-11-02 11:49 · BBC News · en
Aston Villa Football Club has officially decided not to pursue legal action against football pundit Jamie Carragher. The potential dispute had stemmed from recent commentary that the club found contentious, prompting initial warnings of possible litigation. However, after careful consideration, the club has opted to de-escalate the situation and will not move forward with any formal legal proceedings. This decision marks an end to the tension that had been building between the club and the high-profile commentator. By stepping back from the threat of legal action, Aston Villa aims to shift the focus back to their ongoing campaign and on-pitch performance, effectively closing the chapter on this controversy. Sources: BBC News
2026-11-02 11:48 · CBS News · en
A prominent historical figure from New York’s colonial era is now being linked to a notorious 1695 heist led by a murderous pirate. According to a recent analysis by a historian, this figure—long celebrated as a pillar of New York’s early society—likely served as a “major player” and silent partner in the pirate’s illicit operation. This revelation challenges the established narrative of the individual’s life and highlights the deep, often shadowy ties that existed between the colonial elite and the pirate-infested waters of the Atlantic in the late 17th century.
2026-11-02 11:44 · 247Sports · en
Following the dismissal of Mike Norvell, Florida State University (FSU) is facing the daunting task of identifying a new leader for its storied football program. The search has become a focal point for college football enthusiasts, with high school coaches across Florida weighing in on who they believe has the vision and temperament to restore the Seminoles to national prominence. The consensus among many local experts is that the job requires a specific blend of recruiting prowess and tactical acumen, qualities that are highly sought after in the current collegiate landscape.
2026-11-02 11:44 · Racing TV · en
Horse racing enthusiasts turned their attention to Wolverhampton for the scheduled afternoon race fixture. Known for its all-weather track and competitive racecards, the venue regularly attracts top-tier trainers, jockeys, and racing fans from across the region.
2026-11-02 11:44 · ESPN · en
Arsenal midfielder Declan Rice has revealed that manager Mikel Arteta continues to push him to reach new heights, telling the England international that he is capable of doing even more for the team. This conversation took place against the backdrop of a historic victory for the Gunners at Anfield, where Arsenal secured a 1-0 win over Liverpool. The result has been hailed as a ‘defensive masterclass,’ marking a significant moment in the club’s title defense and signaling their evolution into a more rugged, resilient side.
2026-11-02 11:41 · 新华网 · zh-TW
During a recent inspection tour in Shanxi Province, He Lifeng, Vice Premier of the State Council and member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, underscored the critical importance of balancing high-quality development with national security. He urged local authorities to maintain a steady and systematic approach toward industrial transformation and upgrading, ensuring that the region remains resilient in an evolving economic landscape.
2026-11-02 11:36 · Reuters · en
The U.S. political landscape has faced renewed scrutiny following decisions by the Trump administration’s Justice Department to break with longstanding historical traditions and actively intervene in midterm electoral matters. This aggressive posture has manifested through various voter lawsuits and legal challenges, prompting both criticism from watchdogs and strategic legal adaptations from the Democratic opposition. Analysts and editorial boards have expressed deep concern over these unprecedented maneuvers, describing them as attempts to influence election outcomes and extend legal disputes well beyond Election Day. While proponents argue the administration is merely ensuring election integrity, critics contend that this try-anything legal approach undermines institutional norms and sets a controversial precedent for future American electoral politics.
2026-11-02 11:35 · 搜狐网 · zh-TW
Across China, various organizations and institutions are commemorating the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Long March, a seminal event in the history of the Communist Party of China. From corporate party committees to educational institutions and government bodies, the spirit of the Long March is being revisited through thematic exhibitions, study tours, and commemorative events designed to inspire the younger generation.
2026-11-02 11:31 · The Washington Post · en
As the political landscape evolves, Donald Trump faces a distinctive future that may lack the massive, high-energy rallies that transformed him into a formidable political force. For years, these large-scale public gatherings served as the cornerstone of his political strategy, allowing him to connect directly with supporters and dominate news cycles.
2026-11-02 11:30 · 新华网客户端 · zh-TW
The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has initiated a significant adjustment to its monetary policy framework by shifting the primary anchor for policy interest rates. The decision to prioritize the overnight reverse repurchase (repo) rate marks a strategic move to improve the transmission efficiency of monetary policy within the domestic financial system. By emphasizing the overnight reverse repo, the central bank aims to provide clearer signals to the market and enhance liquidity management. This adjustment was underscored by a large-scale liquidity injection of 541 billion yuan through overnight reverse repo operations, signaling the central bank’s commitment to maintaining stable and reasonable liquidity in the banking system. Analysts believe this ’re-anchoring’ process is designed to better align market interest rates with the central bank’s policy intentions, particularly as the economy navigates complex challenges. The transition is expected to officially take effect soon, with financial institutions closely monitoring how this change will impact borrowing costs and capital allocation. This policy pivot is viewed as a vital step in modernizing the central bank’s toolkit, ensuring that it remains responsive to the evolving needs of the real economy while curbing excessive financial volatility. Sources: 新华网客户端
2026-11-02 11:30 · NPR · en
As California voters prepare to weigh in on significant fiscal policy measures, a proposed billionaire tax has ignited intense debate among economic experts. Recent independent studies conducted by two prominent economists yielded wildly divergent conclusions regarding the potential outcomes of the wealth tax, leaving policymakers and the public grappling with conflicting projections about its viability and long-term effects.
2026-11-02 11:30 · The Guardian · en
Ibstock, the United Kingdom’s largest brick manufacturer, has issued a significant profit warning as the nation’s housebuilding sector continues to struggle. The company reported a sharp decline in brick sales, a direct consequence of the broader downturn in the UK property market. This development has prompted analysts to revise their outlooks, with some financial institutions cutting target prices for the stock.
2026-11-02 11:29 · BBC News · en
The UK Home Secretary is set to introduce a series of significant updates regarding the settlement rules for legal migrants residing in the country. This forthcoming policy announcement aims to revise the existing framework that dictates when and under what conditions foreign nationals can apply for permanent residency. Immigration policies have consistently remained a focal point of domestic political debate, balancing the nation’s economic needs with broader social and administrative objectives. While further details of the revised proposal are expected to be officially laid out in the near future, the upcoming changes are anticipated to impact numerous individuals currently navigating the pathway to long-term residency. Observers and legal experts are closely monitoring the developments to understand how the updated criteria might alter waiting periods, eligibility thresholds, and overall compliance requirements for applicants.
2026-11-02 11:29 · BBC · en
UK Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood is set to announce major overhauls to the settlement and residency rules governing legal migrants entering the country. The forthcoming policy adjustments have sparked intense political debate across Westminster, drawing varied reactions from opposition politicians, community leaders, and immigration policy experts. Critics from the Conservative Party have accused the Home Secretary of executing a sudden policy reversal regarding indefinite leave to remain provisions, pointing out potential inconsistencies in the government’s long-term immigration strategy. Meanwhile, figures like Andy Burnham have weighed in on the broader national discourse, noting the ongoing complexity surrounding whether current overall migration levels are appropriately managed. Think tanks and policy institutes, such as the IPPR, are closely examining the practical implications of an ’earned settlement’ framework, which could tie residency rights more strictly to specific economic and societal contributions. As the formal announcement approaches, stakeholders across the political spectrum are preparing for a rigorous parliamentary debate on how these proposed changes will reshape the UK’s legal immigration landscape, affect future workforce planning, and influence public expectations regarding border control and integration policies.
2026-11-02 11:27 · 广州日报新花城 · zh-TW
The Greater Bay Area National Innovation Center has taken a significant step toward fostering deeper collaboration between research institutions and the corporate sector. By entering into formal partnership agreements with a variety of enterprises, the center aims to bridge the gap between academic innovation and industrial application. This initiative is designed to create a more robust “pairing” system, ensuring that scientific breakthroughs can be effectively translated into commercial and technological advancements.
2026-11-02 11:26 · ThePaper.cn · zh-TW
The 2026 City Development Conference officially opened in Shanghai, bringing together urban planners, government officials, and international experts to discuss sustainable urban growth and future development strategies. High-ranking officials delivered opening remarks at the prestigious event, emphasizing the importance of innovation, ecological preservation, and digital transformation in modern city management.
2026-11-02 11:25 · BBC World · en
Supermarket chains in Sweden and Belgium are grappling with a suspected cyber-attack that has targeted their refrigeration systems. In a concerning development for food safety and operational integrity, retailers reported that freezer temperatures rose unexpectedly overnight, suggesting a remote breach of their climate control infrastructure. One store in Sweden specifically noted that its units had been adjusted to reach a high of 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit), posing a direct threat to the preservation of perishable goods.
2026-11-02 11:24 · 新京报 · zh-TW
In a recent discussion regarding the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, entrepreneur Huang Yiming shared his insights on the essential qualities required for young people looking to launch AI-driven startups. According to Huang, success in this highly competitive and rapidly changing field hinges on three core pillars: ‘warmth,’ ‘individuality,’ and the ability to ’traverse cycles.’
2026-11-02 11:23 · BBC · en
The political landscape across the United States is buzzing as the final day of campaigning arrives for the 2026 midterm elections. Voters and political observers alike are closely tracking developments on the ground as candidates make their closing arguments in competitive races nationwide. Media outlets are providing comprehensive, live coverage of the concluding events and crucial updates leading up to election day.
2026-11-02 11:23 · The New York Times · en
As the National Football League trade deadline draws near, sports analysts and team executives are actively evaluating potential roster upgrades for championship contenders. In recent commentary, experts have focused heavily on whether powerhouse teams like the Kansas City Chiefs and the Buffalo Bills will engage in an aggressive arms race by acquiring impactful talent before the deadline passes. Speculation remains high regarding the potential landing spots for several prominent players across the league, including star running backs and reliable defensive backs who could instantly elevate a franchise’s playoff prospects. Fantasy football managers and analysts are also keeping a close eye on these potential player movements, as shifting team dynamics could significantly impact player values for the remainder of the season. With rumors swirling across various franchises, front offices face critical decisions on whether to trade future assets for immediate championship help.
2026-11-02 11:22 · DW.com · zh-TW
President Xi Jinping has reiterated China’s stance on the geopolitical situation in the Middle East, emphasizing that the region should not be treated as an arena for competition between major powers. During recent diplomatic engagements, the Chinese leader underscored that the destiny of the Middle East should remain in the hands of its own people, advocating for a policy of non-interference and regional cooperation.
